Bicol Express Recipe: Bicol Express is one of the most iconic dishes in the Philippines, known for its rich, spicy, and creamy flavor. It’s a pork-based dish simmered in coconut milk with plenty of chili peppers, making it both comforting and fiery at the same time. If you’re a fan of spicy food with a creamy twist, this dish will absolutely hit the spot. More than just a recipe, Bicol Express is a cultural representation of the Bicol region, where chili and coconut are everyday staples.
History and Origins of Bicol Express
The dish originated in the Bicol region, which is famous for its love of spicy and coconut-based cuisine. The name “Bicol Express” itself was inspired by a train that used to run from Manila to Bicol. While the dish was created for a Manila food festival in the 1970s, it quickly spread throughout the Philippines and became a household favorite. Some believe the dish was a creative adaptation of traditional Bicolano cooking, designed to appeal to a broader audience while still maintaining its authentic roots.
Why It’s a Filipino Favorite
Bicol Express is beloved not only for its flavor but also for its versatility. It’s a dish that pairs perfectly with rice, the Filipino staple, and it can easily be adjusted to match your spice tolerance. Some like it mild, while others load it with more chilies for that fiery kick. Its creamy coconut base balances the heat, making it enjoyable even for those who don’t usually eat spicy food. Whether served in everyday family meals or during special gatherings, Bicol Express has secured its place as a true Filipino comfort food.
Ingredients You’ll Need
Main Ingredients for Bicol Express
To cook an authentic Bicol Express, here are the ingredients you should prepare:
- Pork belly – sliced into bite-sized pieces (the fat adds extra flavor).
- Coconut milk – the heart of the dish, making it creamy and rich.
- Coconut cream (kakang gata) – for a thicker, more luscious sauce.
- Chili peppers (siling labuyo or long green chili) – the main source of heat.
- Shrimp paste (bagoong alamang) – gives depth and umami flavor.
- Garlic, onion, and ginger – aromatic base for the dish.
- Salt and pepper – for seasoning.
Optional Add-ons for Extra Flavor
If you want to take your Bicol Express to the next level, you can add:
- Green beans for crunch and added nutrition.
- Shrimp or squid for a seafood twist.
- Bell peppers for a sweeter, less spicy kick.
- Lemongrass for a subtle citrus aroma.
Substitutes if Ingredients Are Unavailable
Don’t worry if you can’t find everything. Here are some smart substitutes:
- Coconut milk – use evaporated milk with a bit of coconut extract (though flavor will differ).
- Shrimp paste – replace with fish sauce for that salty, umami taste.
- Pork belly – swap with chicken thighs, beef, or even tofu for a healthier option.
- Fresh chilies – use chili flakes or hot sauce if fresh ones are unavailable.
Kitchen Tools and Equipment
Essential Cooking Tools
Before starting, make sure you have these:
- Large wok or deep pan – ideal for sautéing and simmering.
- Sharp knife – for slicing pork and vegetables.
- Cutting board – to prep ingredients efficiently.
- Wooden spoon or spatula – for stirring without scratching your pan.
- Measuring cups and spoons – to get accurate proportions.
Tips for Proper Preparation
- Always slice pork evenly to ensure it cooks consistently.
- Use a non-stick pan or wok to avoid burning the coconut milk.
- When handling chilies, wear gloves or wash hands thoroughly to prevent irritation.
- Prepare all ingredients in advance—this makes cooking faster and smoother.
Step-by-Step Guide to Cooking Bicol Express
Step 1 – Preparing the Ingredients
The key to a stress-free cooking experience is proper preparation. Start by washing and cutting the pork belly into small cubes. Mince the garlic, chop the onion, and slice the ginger thinly. For the chili peppers, slice them diagonally, leaving some seeds if you want more heat. Set aside your coconut milk and cream in separate bowls. Having everything ready will allow you to cook smoothly without scrambling for ingredients in the middle of the process.
Step 2 – Sautéing the Aromatics
Once your ingredients are prepared, it’s time to build the flavor foundation. Heat a little oil in your wok or deep pan over medium heat. Add the garlic, onions, and ginger, then sauté until they become fragrant and slightly golden. This process releases their natural oils, which blend beautifully with the coconut milk later. Don’t rush this step—properly sautéed aromatics ensure a deeper, richer taste in your Bicol Express. If you’re using shrimp paste, add it at this stage so it melts into the mixture, infusing the dish with that savory, umami punch.
When cooking shrimp paste, expect a strong aroma at first, but don’t worry—it mellows out and leaves behind an irresistible depth of flavor. Stir constantly to prevent sticking, and cook until everything is well incorporated. This stage sets the stage for the pork to soak up all that aromatic goodness.
Step 3 – Cooking the Pork
Now, add your sliced pork belly to the pan. Stir well so the meat gets coated with the sautéed aromatics and shrimp paste. Let the pork sear for a few minutes until the edges turn light brown. This browning step enhances the flavor, giving your dish a slight smoky taste that balances beautifully with the creaminess of coconut milk.
Allow the pork to cook until the fat begins to render, releasing natural oils into the pan. This adds another layer of richness without the need for excessive added oil. Stir occasionally to avoid burning, and don’t be afraid to let it sizzle a bit—it helps lock in flavor. By now, your kitchen should be filled with the savory aroma of garlic, onions, ginger, and shrimp paste blending with the pork. This is the heart of Bicol Express slowly coming together.
Step 4 – Adding Coconut Milk and Chili Peppers
Here’s where the magic happens. Pour in the coconut milk and bring it to a gentle simmer. Make sure to lower the heat slightly—boiling coconut milk too fast can cause it to separate. Stir continuously to ensure the pork is evenly coated and submerged.
Next, add the chili peppers. If you’re not sure how spicy you want it, start with fewer chilies, then gradually add more as it cooks. Remember, the heat intensifies the longer it simmers. For a creamier texture, you can add coconut cream (kakang gata) at this stage. The combination of coconut milk and cream balances out the fiery spice, creating that signature Bicol Express taste.
Let everything simmer gently for 20–30 minutes, stirring occasionally. The pork will become tender, the sauce will thicken, and the chilies will release their heat and flavor into the coconut base.
Step 5 – Final Seasoning and Simmering
As the dish nears completion, taste it and adjust the seasoning. Add salt and pepper as needed, but be careful if you already used shrimp paste since it’s naturally salty. If you prefer a touch of sweetness to balance the spice, a teaspoon of sugar can do wonders without overpowering the dish.
Allow the Bicol Express to simmer for another 10 minutes on low heat. This extra time helps the pork absorb the coconut and chili flavors fully. The sauce should now be rich, creamy, and slightly thick, coating each piece of pork beautifully.
Once done, remove from heat and let it rest for a few minutes before serving. This short resting period allows the flavors to settle, making the dish taste even better when paired with freshly cooked white rice.
Tips for the Best Bicol Express
Adjusting the Spice Level
Not everyone has the same spice tolerance, and that’s okay. For a milder version, remove the seeds from the chilies or use fewer of them. If you want to keep the flavor but avoid the burning sensation, try adding bell peppers alongside the chilies. On the other hand, spice lovers can go all out by adding more siling labuyo (bird’s eye chili) or even mixing in some chili flakes or hot sauce.
A great trick is to serve additional sliced chilies on the side. This way, everyone at the table can adjust their own spice level without affecting the main dish.
Achieving the Perfect Coconut Cream Consistency
Coconut milk is the soul of Bicol Express, so getting the right texture is crucial. If you want it thick and creamy, let the sauce simmer uncovered for a longer time, allowing the liquid to reduce. Stir occasionally to prevent curdling. For a lighter, more soupy consistency, add a little water or extra coconut milk toward the end of cooking.
Always remember—don’t rush the coconut milk. Cooking it slowly enhances its natural sweetness and creates that smooth, velvety sauce that perfectly balances the heat of the chilies.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Overcooking the coconut milk – This causes it to curdle and lose its creamy texture.
- Adding all chilies at once – Start small and adjust gradually to avoid making it too spicy.
- Skipping the shrimp paste – It may seem optional, but it truly adds depth and authenticity to the dish.
- Not rendering the pork fat – This step enhances flavor and prevents the dish from being bland.
By avoiding these mistakes, you’ll ensure your Bicol Express comes out delicious every single time.
Variations of Bicol Express
Seafood Bicol Express
If you love seafood, then this twist on the traditional recipe will delight your taste buds. Instead of pork, swap it out for shrimp, squid, or even mussels. Seafood blends beautifully with coconut milk, creating a lighter yet equally flavorful dish. When cooking seafood Bicol Express, make sure not to overcook the shrimp or squid—they only need a few minutes to stay tender and juicy.
Some cooks even combine pork and seafood for a surf-and-turf version, giving the dish more complexity. This variation is perfect if you want something less heavy than pork belly but still crave that authentic spicy coconut flavor.
Vegetarian Bicol Express
Who says Bicol Express is only for meat lovers? Vegetarians can enjoy it too! Replace the pork with tofu, mushrooms, or eggplant, all of which soak up the creamy coconut sauce beautifully. For extra protein, firm tofu works best since it holds its shape during simmering.
This version is lighter, healthier, and just as delicious. You can even add more vegetables like string beans, squash, or okra for a hearty plant-based meal. The key is to use the same blend of chilies, coconut milk, and shrimp paste substitute (like soy sauce or miso paste) to keep the signature Bicol Express taste alive.
Authentic Bicolano Style vs. Modern Twist
Authentic Bicolano Bicol Express is fiery hot—locals don’t hold back on chilies! Traditionally, the dish is loaded with siling labuyo (bird’s eye chili), making it a test of spice tolerance for anyone brave enough to try. On the other hand, modern versions tend to be milder, often with added vegetables and less chili to suit a wider audience.
If you want the true Bicolano experience, go heavy on the chilies and use fresh coconut milk instead of canned. For a modern twist, you can balance the heat with more vegetables or even add a touch of cheese for a creamier texture. Either way, Bicol Express remains a dish that you can easily customize to fit your preference.
Serving Suggestions
Best Side Dishes to Pair With
Bicol Express is rich, spicy, and creamy, so it pairs best with plain steamed white rice. The rice balances out the heat and soaks up the flavorful coconut sauce. But if you want to elevate your meal, here are some side dishes that go well with it:
- Grilled eggplant – adds a smoky, earthy flavor.
- Fresh lumpia (spring rolls) – for a refreshing balance.
- Atchara (pickled papaya) – provides a tangy contrast.
- Fried tilapia or bangus (milkfish) – complements the creaminess of the dish.
If you’re preparing for a special gathering, serve Bicol Express in a clay pot or banana leaf for a rustic, authentic Filipino touch.
Presentation Tips for Special Occasions
When serving Bicol Express during family celebrations or parties, presentation makes a big difference. Garnish the dish with sliced chilies on top, or sprinkle some chopped spring onions for color. You can also serve it in a large clay bowl for that traditional Filipino vibe.
For a more modern look, pair it with colorful side dishes like mango salad or grilled vegetables. If you’re serving guests with different spice tolerances, keep extra chili flakes or hot sauce on the side so they can adjust the heat level to their liking.
Nutritional Value of Bicol Express
Calorie Count and Macronutrients
Bicol Express is undeniably delicious, but many wonder about its nutritional profile. On average, a serving of pork Bicol Express contains:
- Calories: 350–450 (depending on portion size)
- Protein: 18–20 grams (from pork)
- Fat: 25–30 grams (mostly from pork belly and coconut milk)
- Carbohydrates: 5–8 grams
The dish is high in protein and healthy fats, thanks to the coconut milk, but also rich in saturated fat due to the pork belly. If you want a lighter version, choose leaner cuts of pork or substitute with chicken, seafood, or tofu.
Health Benefits of Key Ingredients
- Coconut milk – provides healthy fats that support brain function and boost energy.
- Chilies – rich in vitamin C and capsaicin, which may help metabolism.
- Ginger and garlic – natural anti-inflammatory and immune-boosting properties.
- Pork – good source of protein, iron, and B vitamins.
While Bicol Express isn’t the lightest dish, it can be part of a balanced diet if eaten in moderation. Pair it with vegetables and brown rice for a healthier meal.
Storage and Reheating Tips
Proper Refrigeration Methods
If you have leftovers, don’t worry—Bicol Express actually tastes better the next day because the flavors continue to develop. Store it in an airtight container and place it in the refrigerator. It will stay fresh for up to 3–4 days.
For longer storage, you can freeze Bicol Express. Just make sure to cool it completely before transferring to freezer-safe containers. It can last up to 2 months in the freezer without losing much flavor.
How to Reheat Without Losing Flavor
When reheating, avoid using high heat, which can make the coconut milk separate. Instead:
- Stovetop method: Place in a pan over low heat, stirring occasionally until warmed through.
- Microwave method: Reheat in short intervals, stirring between each round to maintain a creamy consistency.
If the sauce becomes too thick, simply add a splash of water or coconut milk to bring it back to its original texture.
FAQs about Bicol Express Recipe
1. Can I make Bicol Express less spicy?
Yes! Simply reduce the number of chilies or remove their seeds. You can also add bell peppers for flavor without the intense heat.
2. What meat can I substitute for pork?
Chicken, beef, shrimp, or even tofu are excellent alternatives to pork belly. Each brings a unique flavor to the dish.
3. Can I use canned coconut milk?
Absolutely. While fresh coconut milk is ideal, canned coconut milk works just fine and is more convenient.
4. How long does Bicol Express last in the fridge?
It stays fresh for 3–4 days in the refrigerator when stored properly in an airtight container.
5. Is Bicol Express healthy?
Yes, but in moderation. It’s high in protein and good fats but can also be calorie-dense, especially with pork belly. Use leaner meat or tofu for a healthier version.
Conclusion
Bicol Express is more than just a dish—it’s a flavorful piece of Filipino culture. With its perfect balance of creaminess, spice, and umami, it has earned its place as a household favorite. Whether you prefer the traditional pork version, a seafood twist, or a vegetarian option, Bicol Express is a versatile recipe that you can easily adjust to suit your taste.
The key is to respect the balance of flavors: the richness of coconut milk, the heat of chilies, and the savory depth of shrimp paste. Follow the steps carefully, and you’ll have a dish that brings the taste of Bicol right to your table. Pair it with steamed rice, enjoy it with family or friends, and savor every spoonful of this Filipino classic.
